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	<title>肝癌 &#8211; Happy GI life</title>
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	<description>大家好，我是胃腸肝膽科 賴佳業醫師，在這裡與您分享醫療新知與經驗，一起腸保健康^_^</description>
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		<title>B型肝炎帶原，需定期半年追蹤一次</title>
		<link>https://chiayehlai.com/hepatitis_b/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[賴佳業醫師｜腸胃｜健康｜減重]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Sep 2022 11:48:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[肝炎保健]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[診間故事]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[B肝]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肝炎]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肝癌]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[B型肝炎在台灣盛行率約為15-20%，全國有180萬人是B型&#8230;]]></description>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">B型肝炎在台灣盛行率約為15-20%，全國有180萬人是B型肝炎帶原者，早期B型肝炎沒有症狀，因此很多人不自知或是輕忽。</h2>



<p style="font-size:18px"><img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/tfc/1.5/16/1f61f.png" alt="&#x1f61f;" title="B型肝炎帶原，需定期半年追蹤一次">最近看診有一位B肝患者多年沒有追蹤，早期曾經因為B肝發作治療過一陣子，這一個月覺得越來越疲倦前來就診，腹部超音波一掃發現，肝臟已經有一顆8公分大的腫瘤伴有肝門靜脈血栓，已經錯過了可以手術治療的最佳時機&#8230;</p>



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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color" style="font-size:18px"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f468-200d-2695-fe0f.png" alt="👨‍⚕️" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" />2013年台灣的B型肝炎研究發現，「<strong>男性</strong>」、「<strong>年紀大 (男性>40歲；女性>50歲)</strong>」、「<strong>抽菸</strong>」、「<strong>喝酒</strong>」、「<strong>有肝癌家族史</strong>」、「<strong>肝纖維化</strong>」等，都是B型肝炎帶原者罹患肝癌的危險因子! </p>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size">不管有沒有危險因子，<strong>B肝帶原者都強烈建議&#8221;每半年追蹤一次&#8221;(抽血檢查+腹部超音波)。</strong></p>



<p style="font-size:18px"><strong>肝病的三部曲分別為 : 慢性肝炎 => 肝硬化 => 肝癌</strong>，若能在慢性肝炎階段(肝功能異常)，及早發現，及早治療，就能夠大幅降低B型肝炎帶原者罹患肝癌的機率!</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image is-resized is-style-rectangular"><img data-recalc-dims="1" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/000.jpg?resize=345%2C233&#038;ssl=1" alt="000" class="wp-image-1985" width="345" height="233" title="B型肝炎帶原，需定期半年追蹤一次" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/000.jpg?w=690&amp;ssl=1 690w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/000.jpg?resize=300%2C203&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/000.jpg?resize=585%2C395&amp;ssl=1 585w" sizes="(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px" /></figure>



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<p>參考資料: </p>



<ol class="wp-block-list"><li>J Hepatol. 2022 Sep;77(3):632-641.</li><li>Hepatology 2013;58:546-554</li></ol>



<p class="has-background" style="background-color:#ffede0a1;font-size:16px"><strong>更多肝炎相關資訊可以參考 => <a href="https://chiayehlai.com/category/hepatitis/?fbclid=IwAR2BYqihSpxjKOuzodmg9O8PN-jeIY-NDRe3tyVMGCQK3VGpQeyFjgbBwa4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://chiayehlai.com/category/hepatitis/</a></strong></p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">1981</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>肝硬化的併發症</title>
		<link>https://chiayehlai.com/cirrhosis/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[賴佳業醫師｜腸胃｜健康｜減重]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Jul 2021 05:43:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[肝炎保健]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肝炎]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肝癌]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肝硬化]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[肝是無聲的器官，大部分慢性肝炎都沒有症狀，若沒有定期追蹤或健&#8230;]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading">肝是無聲的器官，<strong><span class="has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color">大部分慢性肝炎都沒有症狀</span></strong>，若沒有定期追蹤或健檢，常常都是到肝纖維化，甚至是肝硬化才發現肝出了問題。</h1>



<p class="has-medium-font-size">慢性肝炎若有及早找出病因並且定期追蹤治療，就可以避免肝炎進展到肝纖維化，若有早期的肝纖維化，也有很高的機會恢復到正常；如果慢性肝炎已經進展到<strong>肝硬化</strong>，不僅復原的時間漫長，也<strong>容易產生併發症</strong>，需要更密切的追蹤和治療。</p>



<p class="has-drop-cap has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="600" height="143" class="wp-image-1578" style="width: 600px;" src="https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/fibrosis-1.jpg?resize=600%2C143&#038;ssl=1" alt="fibrosis 1" title="肝硬化的併發症" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/fibrosis-1.jpg?w=1176&amp;ssl=1 1176w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/fibrosis-1.jpg?resize=300%2C71&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/fibrosis-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C244&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/fibrosis-1.jpg?resize=768%2C183&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/fibrosis-1.jpg?resize=1170%2C280&amp;ssl=1 1170w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/fibrosis-1.jpg?resize=585%2C139&amp;ssl=1 585w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">肝硬化的分期</h2>



<p style="font-size:17px">肝硬化最常使用<strong><span class="has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color">Child-Pugh Score</span></strong>來分期，利用5個指標 (<strong>肝腦病變嚴重度</strong>、<strong>腹水多寡</strong>、血液<strong>黃疸指數</strong>、血液<strong>白蛋白指數</strong>、<strong>凝血功能</strong>)計算分數，可以分為A、B、C三期，越晚期發生併發症的機率越高，需要特別留意。</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center" style="font-size:17px"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="650" height="374" class="wp-image-1580" style="width: 650px;" src="https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/child-score.jpg?resize=650%2C374&#038;ssl=1" alt="child score" title="肝硬化的併發症" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/child-score.jpg?w=1646&amp;ssl=1 1646w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/child-score.jpg?resize=300%2C173&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/child-score.jpg?resize=1024%2C590&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/child-score.jpg?resize=768%2C442&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/child-score.jpg?resize=1536%2C885&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/child-score.jpg?resize=1170%2C674&amp;ssl=1 1170w, https://i0.wp.com/chiayehlai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/child-score.jpg?resize=585%2C337&amp;ssl=1 585w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" /></p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">肝硬化的併發症</h2>



<ol class="has-background wp-block-list" style="background-color:#e8ecee;font-size:17px"><li><strong>門脈靜脈高壓 (portal hypertension</strong>): 肝硬化會讓門脈靜脈回流壓力增加，導致胃食道靜脈屈張和產生腹水。</li><li><strong>胃食道靜脈屈張出血 (varices bleeding</strong>): 若門脈靜脈壓力太大，會導致胃或食道靜脈壓力太大而鼓脹，嚴重時會破掉出血，造成病人<span style="text-decoration: underline;">大量吐血</span>。</li><li><strong>腹水 (ascites)</strong>: 若門脈靜脈壓力太大會導致<span style="text-decoration: underline;">白蛋白流失</span>，水分容易跑到血管外面，造成腹部積水，腹脹難受。</li><li><strong>自發性細菌性腹膜炎 (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis)</strong>: 若腹水難以用利尿劑控制，會讓腸子長期泡在腹水中，容易讓腸內細菌跑到腹腔造成腹膜炎。</li><li><strong>肝腦病變 (hepatic encephalopathy)</strong>: 肝硬化會讓蛋白質代謝後產生的氨 (ammonia)排除變慢，若同時有<span style="text-decoration: underline;">感染、出血、電解質失衡或便秘</span>等，會讓氨在體內大量累積造成肝腦病變。</li><li><strong>肝腎症候群 (hepatorenal syndrome)</strong>: 嚴重的腹水會讓血液內的有效容積減少，進而減少腎臟的血流，導致急性腎衰竭。</li><li><strong>肝癌 (hepatocellular carcinoma)</strong>: 長期肝硬化會導致肝癌，依肝硬化嚴重程度和造成的原因不同，肝癌的發生率會有所差異 (C型肝炎 &gt; B型肝炎 &gt; 酒精性肝炎)。</li></ol>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"><p>引用文獻: </p><p>1. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis: Incidence and Risk Factors<br>GASTROENTEROLOGY 2004;127:S35–S50</p><p>2. Liver cirrhosis<br>Lancet 2014; 383: 1749–61</p><p>3. Treatment of Patients with Cirrhosis<br>N Engl J Med 2016;375:767-77.</p></blockquote>



<p class="has-background has-medium-font-size" style="background-color:#ffeada"><strong>相關文章: <a href="https://chiayehlai.com/lftimpair/">肝功能異常要注意什麼?</a></strong> ｜ <strong><a href="https://chiayehlai.com/fatty_liver/">肝包油怎麼辦?</a></strong></p>
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